Built by the Italian–Jewish community of Apulia during the Middle Ages and completed in 1247, the building was acquired by the Roman Catholic Church in 1380 and served as St. Anne's Church (Italian: Chiesa di Sant’Anna) until it was deconsecrated and returned to the Jewish community in 2004.

[3][4] San Leonardo has undergone such extensive renovation that little of the synagogue building survives.

[6] A medieval plaque on the northern wall describes an early renovation of the synagogue: "In the year 5007 after the creation, this sanctuary was built by a group of friends of the congregation, with a high decorated dome, a window providing light and new doors for the closure; the floor relaid and seats installed for the choir.

[7][8] The Scolagrande Synagogue was an almost square, Byzantine-style domed, masonry building, 12 by 12 m (38 by 40 ft), formed by four huge arched walls supporting a 7.9 m (26 ft) high dome.

[9][better source needed] Media related to Sant'Anna (Trani) at Wikimedia Commons