[6] Therefore, weight loss and noctural nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are mainstays in treating hypertension secondary to OSA.

Other approaches include the mandibular advancement splint (MAS), UPPP, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or septoplasty.

[7] Obstruction of the renal arteries supplying the kidney that result in elevated blood pressure is known as renovascular hypertension.

Here, however, increased CO cannot solve the structural problems causing renal artery hypotension, with the result that CO remains chronically elevated.

Medications commonly associated with rebound hypertension include centrally-acting antihypertensive agents, such as clonidine[32] and methyl-dopa.

[31] Other herbal or "natural products" which have been associated with hypertension include Ephedra, St John's wort, and licorice.

[51] Compare these effects to those seen in Conn's disease, an adrenocortical tumor which causes excess release of aldosterone,[52] that leads to hypertension.

Cushing's syndrome can be caused by taking glucocorticoid drugs, or by tumors that produce cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

This diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating increased urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine and/or their metabolites (vanillylmandelic acid).

Arsenic exposure has also many of the same signs of primary hypertension such as headache, somnolence,[61] confusion, proteinuria,[62] visual disturbances, and nausea and vomiting.