It preserves a unique environment where the Amazon rainforest, pantanal and cerrado meet, and holds many endemic or endangered species.

[1] It is in the Vale do Guaporé, between the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia to the north of the border with Bolivia.

[5] The Serra de Santa Bárbara State Park was created by decree 1.797 of 4 November 1997 with an area of about 120,092 hectares (296,750 acres) to protect a representative sample of existing ecosystems and to provide an area with opportunities for controlled use by the public.

[6] The Serra de Santa Bárbara has one of the most diverse ecosystems in the state, covering an area of transition between the Amazon rainforest, cerrado and pantanal.

The fauna is very rich, and included endemic or endangered species such as Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), jaguar (Panthera onca), Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis).