[citation needed] Uno competed in his third JGP season, winning the bronze medal in Riga, Latvia, and placing 4th in Tallinn, Estonia.

[citation needed] Uno made his senior ISU Championship debut at the 2015 Four Continents; he placed second in the short program, fifth in the free skate, and fifth overall, setting personal best scores in all segments.

[citation needed] Uno started his season with a 5th-place finish at the 2015 U.S. Classic, placing 9th in the short program but winning the free skate.

He then went on to win the individual event of the 2015 Japan Open, defeating World champions Javier Fernandez, Brian Joubert and Patrick Chan.

Due to the November 2015 Paris attacks, the free skate was cancelled, and the short program standings were deemed the final results.

[11] In December 2016, Uno was fourth in the short program with 86.82 points after falling on his quadruple toe loop and failing the combination in the Grand Prix Final.

Uno began his season by winning the gold medal at his challenger series event at the 2017 Lombardia Trophy in Bergamo, Italy while setting new personal bests in all segments.

Uno won the gold medal at 2017 Skate Canada, placing first in both segments to begin his Grand Prix Series for the season.

[19] Placing third in the short program and third in the free skate, Uno took silver at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 1.66 points ahead of bronze medallist Javier Fernández of Spain.

At the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Uno had to leave practice only after a few minutes on ice and was carried to a bus on a staff member's back.

His result, together with that of Kazuki Tomono, secured three spots for Japanese men at the 2019 World Figure Skating Championships to be held in Saitama, Japan.

[29] Beginning the Grand Prix at the 2019 Internationaux de France, Uno placed fourth in the short program after falling on both his triple Axel and a quad toe loop attempt that was meant to be in combination.

[40] He was second in the free skate, his only error being tripling a planned quad toe loop, and he rose to the silver medal position overall, behind Hanyu.

He placed second in the short program behind Vincent Zhou despite doubling a planned quad flip, in the process landing a quad-triple combination in competition for the first time in years.

He was third in the free skate but remained in the silver medal position, less than a point ahead of bronze medalist Nathan Chen, who struggled in both programs.

[49][50] Uno's results qualified him to the Grand Prix Final, but it was subsequently cancelled due to restrictions prompted by the Omicron variant.

[55] Two days later, Uno placed third in the short program of the men's event, managing another new personal best of 105.90 despite making an error on his jump combination.

With both Chen and Hanyu absent due to injury, Olympic medalists Uno and Yuma Kagiyama were rated as top contenders for the gold medal.

Uno skated a clean short program and was rewarded with a personal best score of 109.63 and first place in the segment, 3.94 points ahead of Kagiyama.

[60] Uno finished first in the men's free skate competition, 0.38 points ahead of American Ilia Malinin, while Japan won the gold medal.

Uno praised the younger Malinin, who had recently attracted considerable media attention for being the first ever to land a quad Axel, saying that he "will be devastating in a year or two" and that he hoped to be able to keep up with him.

[61] Uno once again began the Grand Prix at Skate Canada International, winning his third gold medal by a margin of almost eight points over Kao Miura.

[62] At the 2022 NHK Trophy on home ice in Sapporo, Uno fell on his attempted jump combination and placed second in the short program, behind Sōta Yamamoto.

[71] Uno attracted some attention afterward for criticizing the lack of transparency in the Japanese federation's criteria for awarding berths to the World Championships, interpreted by the media as a reference to Shimada not being selected despite winning the national silver medal.

[72] Despite dealing with an ankle injury in the leadup to the 2023 World Championships in Saitama, Uno won the short program with a score of 104.63, performing only a quad-double as his jump combination.

[78] At the 2023–24 Grand Prix Final, Uno skated a clean short program and scored 106.02, finishing second in the segment and only 0.88 points behind American Ilia Malinin.

[79] He was second in the free skate as well, despite again receiving several quarter underrotation marks and singling a planned triple Axel, winning another silver medal, but finishing more than 17 points behind Malinin in total score.

[85] He would appear in Stéphane Lambiel's production of The Sorcerer's Apprentice in Champéry, Switzerland, in August 2024,[86] and will reprise his role as Monkey D. Luffy in new One Piece shows scheduled for September 2024.

[91] Uno has had many endorsement contracts throughout his career that includes an affiliate sponsorship deal with car manufacturer Toyota that was announced in early June 2017.

[92] Other notable partnerships include healthcare consumer brand Colantotte,[5] sports equipment and activewear company Mizuno,[93] and cosmetics manufacturer DHC.