Skraup reaction

The Skraup synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize quinolines.

It is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850-1910).

In the archetypal Skraup reaction, aniline is heated with sulfuric acid, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent such as nitrobenzene to yield quinoline.

[1][2][3][4] In this example, nitrobenzene serves as both the solvent and the oxidizing agent.

The reaction, which otherwise has a reputation for being violent, is typically conducted in the presence of ferrous sulfate.