With clitics, object pronouns are generally proclitic, but enclitic forms are mandatory in certain environments.
The personal pronoun "vos" is used in some areas of Latin America, particularly in Central America, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, the state of Zulia in Venezuela, and the Andean regions of Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador.
The table below shows a list of personal pronouns from Peninsular, Latin American and Ladino Spanish.
1 Only in countries with voseo (Argentina, Uruguay, Eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and across Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, southern parts of Chiapas in Mexico)2 Primarily in Spain; other countries use ustedes as the plural regardless of level of formality.
According to a decision by the Real Academia in the 1960s, the accents should be used only when it is necessary to avoid ambiguity with the demonstrative determiners.
There is also no accent on the neuter forms esto, eso and aquello, which do not have determiner equivalents.
Unlike in English, the preposition must go right before the relative pronoun "which" or "whom": In some people's style of speaking, the definite article may be omitted after a, con and de in such usage, particularly when the antecedent is abstract or neuter: After en, the definite article tends to be omitted if precise spatial location is not intended: When used without a precise antecedent, lo que has a slightly different meaning from that of el que, and is usually used as the connotation of "that which" or "what": The pronoun el cual can replace [el] que.
In non-defining clauses, the fact that it agrees for gender and number can make it clearer to what it refers.
), which only inflects for number: The pronoun quien comes from the Latin QVEM, "whom", the accusative of QVIS, "who".
Unlike el cual, it does not inflect for gender, but it does inflect for number, and it also specifies that it does refer to a person: Quien is particularly common as the object of a preposition when the clause is non-defining, but is also possible in defining clauses: Donde is ultimately from a combination of the obsolete adverb onde ("whence" or "from where") and the preposition de.
Adonde is a variant that can be used when motion to the location is intended: Como can be used instead of other relative pronouns when manner is referred to: Note that mismo tends to require que: Cuando tends to replace the use of other relative pronouns when time is referred to, usually in non-defining clauses.
For example: "cuyo" in this example has changed to "cuyas" in order to match the condition of the following word, "calificaciones" f. pl.
A periphrasis like Alejandro es un estudiante que tiene unas calificaciones siempre buenas is more common.
Alejandro es un estudiante que sus calificaciones son siempre buenas (example of quesuismo) can also be found even if disapproved by prescriptivists.