Sugarloaf Township contains the unincorporated communities of Elk Grove, Jamison City, Central, and Grassmere Park.

[4] West Branch Fishing Creek flows southward through the center of the township, part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

There were seven hundred and seventy-nine housing units at an average density of 30.1 per square mile (11.6/km2).

24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.

In the township, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of eighteen, 8.1% from eighteen to twenty-four, 27.6% from twenty-five to forty-four, 25.5% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 19.5% who were sixty-five years of age or older.