Surgical lighting

In the mid-1850s, operating rooms were built towards the southeast with windows in the ceiling to benefit from natural sunlight as much as possible.

The biggest problem was the dependence of lighting and whether a surgical procedure could be done on the time of day and weather conditions.

The use of mirrors on the four corners of the ceiling to reflect sunlight towards the operating table only slightly alleviated these problems.

Attempts were made to use an optical condenser in an indirect light to reduce the heating, but without success.

[9] The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) created the document IEC 60601-2-41 – Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of surgical luminaires and luminaires for diagnosis, 2009 to establish norms and guidelines for the characteristics of a surgical and examination light to secure safety for the patient as well as lower the risk to a reasonable level when the light is used according to the user manual.