The administrative centre was located in Sventsyany (modern-day Švenčionys).

[citation needed] At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Sventsyansky Uyezd had a population of 172,231.

Of these, 47.5% spoke Belarusian, 33.8% Lithuanian, 7.1% Yiddish, 6.0% Polish, 5.4% Russian and 0.1% German as their native language.

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