Thomas Chauncey Humphrey (December 20, 1846 – December 3, 1937) was an American politician and judge who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives, as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives, and as a federal judge for Indian Territory.

Thomas Chauncey Humphrey was born on December 20, 1846, in Magazine, Arkansas.

After the war he worked as a teacher, earned a medical degree, and passed the bar.

He represented Solomon Hotema, a Native American Presbyterian minister convicted of killing several people he believed to be witches.

He was appointed to the Central District of the United States Court for the Indian Territory in 1904 by Theodore Roosevelt and served until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.