[7][8] TBK1 is a non-canonical IKK kinase that phosphorylates the nuclear factor kB (NFkB).

This is provided by adaptor proteins that interact with the dimerization domain of TBK1 to determine its location and access to substrates.

Binding to TANK leads to localization to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation of substrates which is required for subsequent production of type I interferons (IFN-I).

In contrast, binding to NAP1 and SINTBAD leads to localization in the cytoplasm and involvement in autophagy.

After triggering antiviral signaling through PRRs (pattern recognition receptors), TBK1 is activated.

Subsequently, it phosphorylates the transcription factor IRF3, which is translocated to the nucleus, and promotes production of IFN-I.

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to IκB kinases and can mediate NF-κB activation in response to certain growth factors.

[8] There are also many autoimmune (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, sympathetic lupus), neurodegenerative (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and infantile (e.g., herpesviral encephalitis) diseases.