[2] A previous route designated SH 99 was established on August 18, 1924, from San Angelo to Fort Stockton.

The section from Interstate 69 (I-69) in Sugar Land north to the Westpark Tollway is the southern portion of Segment D and is maintained by the Fort Bend County Toll Road Authority.

In mid-October 2023, TxDOT announced that it would begin construction on Segment B-1, which will connect I-45 to SH 35 in Alvin, in Spring 2027 with it completion set for 2030.

[14] Segment D, the first section opened, runs from just north of I-10/US 90, west of Houston, south to I-69/US 59 in Sugar Land, where it terminates and intersects with FM 2759.

The occasional traffic jams at this intersection prompted the sped-up construction of the ramps before the through lanes of SH 99 were built through the I-10/US 90 interchange.

Between the Westpark Tollway and I-69/US 59, Fort Bend County has constructed toll overpasses at nine locations along SH 99.

[15] Motorists in 2-axle vehicles may pay between $0.46 and $0.69 to use each overpass, or they may bypass the toll by using the current roadway through the signalized intersections.

As with many stimulus-funded projects, the construction of Segment E turned out not to be "shovel ready" enough, and the funds were sent back to TxDOT for use elsewhere.

In addition, Harris County relinquished its rights to TxDOT so that the latter could construct a public–private cooperative toll road.

[20] On July 28, 2011, TxDOT reported that three out of four contracts for Segment E were awarded and that construction would start by early September 2011.

[22] The 22-mile (35 km) section of I-10/US 90 from Katy to just inside the I-610 loop was expanded to handle the rapidly-growing western suburbs with additional mainlanes and two high-occupancy toll lanes.

Texas Transportation Commission members met in Pasadena in late June 2015, and one item on their agenda is soliciting interested builders to develop, build and maintain the next 37.4 mi (60.2 km) Grand Parkway segment from I-69/US 59 north of Houston to I-10 east of the city.

Segment I-2, which opened on March 25, 2008, after five years of construction, runs from I-10 east of Houston south to Business SH 146 in Baytown.

Residents who live along the Grand Parkway in Harris and Fort Bend counties, namely in the Cinco Ranch and Falcon Point areas within Segment D, have noticed increased noise due to expansion of the highway, which includes construction of new overpasses as well as increased growth in the surrounding area.

Resident petitions and protests for a new sound barrier study have not been addressed, and TxDOT claims that the section of the route in the area "does not qualify for that.

Residents in other unincorporated areas such as The Woodlands have not shown the same opposition, instead supporting the construction of the Grand Parkway, namely Segments E, F-1, F-2, and G,[31] as the route would give residents living in the outer suburbs a toll road option for long-distance travel, as opposed to having to drive through the city of Houston or using the Sam Houston Tollway to bypass the city.

[32] The controversial Segment A, which would stretch from SH 146 to I-45 southeast of Houston through a very developed area, has not been fully designed yet.