It constitutes Tho Chau Commune of Phú Quốc District, Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam.

Thổ Chu Island - the largest entity of the archipelago - was first proposed as a marine protected area in 1995.

[1] During the era of Republic of Vietnam, Thổ Chu Islands were under the administration of An Xuyên Province.

[2] On May 10, 1975, Khmer Rouge occupied Thổ Chu Island and abducted about five hundred civilians to Cambodia, all of whom were massacred.

Thổ Châu commune has about 500 households with nearly 2,000 inhabitants,[5] most of whom are border guards and navy personnel who chose to settle on the islands; the rest are immigrants.