The Thief River is a 40.3-mile-long (64.9 km)[1] tributary of the Red Lake River in northwestern Minnesota in the United States.

The river flows through the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge.

The name of the river is a loose translation of the Ojibwe phrase, Gimood-akiwi ziibi, literally, the "Stolen-land river" or "Thieving Land river," which originated when a band of Dakota Indians occupied a secret encampment along the river, hence "stealing" the land, before being discovered and routed by the neighboring Ojibwe.

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