Thomas Henry Anderson (June 6, 1848 – September 30, 1916) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

Anderson served as the rank of general in the staff of Ohio Governor Charles Foster.

He was chairman of the Republican Executive Committee of Guernsey County, member of Cambridge's city council and school board, and president of multiple corporations.

He was appointed by President [[Benjamin Harrison] and served as the United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Bolivia from 1889 to 1893.

[2][3] He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Ohio Society of New York, Historical Society of Washington, D.C., Chevy Chase Club, member of the board of trustees of American University and Howard University, and a member and served as president of the board of trustees of the Metropolitan Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C.[2][3][4] He was personal friends with William McKinley.

[5] Anderson received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Mount Union College.