Injury

In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria.

Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose.

[5] Animals in several phyla, including annelids, arthropods, cnidaria, molluscs, nematodes, and vertebrates are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to fight off infection following an injury.

Much of medical practice, including emergency medicine and pain management, is dedicated to the treatment of injuries.

[26] Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused.

A crabeater seal injured by a predator
A sand lizard that has shed its tail when attacked by a predator , and has started to regrow a tail from the site of the injury
Injuries to humans elicit an elaborate response including emergency medicine , trauma surgery (illustrated), and pain management .
Oak tree split by lightning , an abiotic cause of injury.