Transportation and health

[5] Starting in the 1960s, campaigns began popping up all over the United States to promote motor vehicle safety.

They lobbied locally and in Washington DC to mandate certain safety features such as airbags and seatbelts, both of which reduce injury in the event of an accident.

[6][7] These campaigns also used a variety of public health intervention methods to spread awareness of motor vehicle safety.

[6] Motor vehicles contribute greatly to aggregate emissions all over the globe, which can have serious negative impacts on the health of the population.

[8] In the 1970s, the Nixon administration created the Environmental Protection Agency as well as passing the Clean Air Act.

This activity gives the rider a cardiovascular workout increasing muscle strength and joint mobility while reducing stress levels and body fat content.

[12] When nitrogen oxides interact with volatile organic compounds near the surface of the Earth, ground-level ozone is formed which can cause a variety of respiratory issues and exacerbate existing conditions like COPD and asthma which is common in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children.

[12] All six of the criteria air pollutants are created either directly or indirectly from combustion reactions of fossil fuels.

[12] Although continuous measures have been taken to reduce the emissions content due to cars, they still rank unfavorably compared with other forms of travel.

[16] On average, the production of a single bicycle creates around 530 pounds of carbon dioxide, which can be generally offset by about 400 miles of biking instead of driving.

[20][21] Taking public transit makes a rider safer compared to drivers in personal vehicles.