After the victories of Napoleon's army in the campaign of 1800 at Marengo, Höchstädt and Hohenlinden, the Holy Roman Empire made peace with France on 9 February 1801 by the Treaty of Lunéville.

The influence of his wife, Queen Maria Carolina of Austria, and of the Austrian royal family led to the alignment of Naples with the Second Coalition and the with Holy Roman Empire.

With the advance of the French Army under General Joachim Murat, Count Roger de Damas, in command of the Neapolitan troops, sent Colonel Micheroux to negotiate a preliminary armistice for one month.

The main points of the agreement were: The Principality of Piombino and the State of Presidi were ceded to the Kingdom of Etruria, in exchange for the Spanish colony of Louisiana, as agreed in the Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800.

After the signing of peace between France and Russia in October 1801, French troops temporarily evacuated the Neapolitan territory, occupying the country again in 1803 against the threat from the British fleet.