[2][1] As of 2016[update] in South America it is an emerging pathogen of cattle, and sometimes horses and other ruminants.

[1] Symptoms of T. vivax include "rapid weight loss, lethargy, weakness, clumsiness, pale mucosa, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, anemia, and fluctuating pyrexia, causing[...]a drop in animal productivity.

[6] The smallest variable surface glycoprotein (40 kDa in size) to date has been found in T. vivax, which bears little carbohydrate.

[7] Trypanosoma vivax is a significant drag on Africa's cattle production every year, and increasingly is a concern in South America: One outbreak in 1995 in the Pantanal in Brazil and Bolivia cost the industry over US$160 million.

[1] Mechanisms of resistance are not necessarily shared across the genus, and this is especially true for this, the most genetically divergent species.