Tuarangia is a Cambrian shelly fossil interpreted as an early bivalve,[1] though alternative classifications have been proposed and its systematic position remains controversial.

[1] The genus is known solely from Middle to Late Cambrian fossils found in Europe and New Zealand.

[3] Tuarangia is a minute bivalve which was first described in 1982 by David I. MacKinnon of the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand.

The shell structure of Tuarangia is noted for being composed of platy calcite sections in a zig-zag patterning.

The specific epithet is from the Maori words papa, which translates as "shell", and rua, which means "two".