The gens Turpilia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.
Members of this gens first came to prominence during the second century BC, with the dramatist Sextus Turpilius, and Titus Turpilius Silanus, one of the Roman commanders during the Jugurthine War.
The only member to attain the consulship was Lucius Turpilius Dexter, in 81 BC.
The nomen Turpilius belongs to a class of gentilicia typically formed from surnames ending in the diminutive suffix -ulus, using the gentile-forming suffix -ilius.
Turpilius might be based on a diminutive of the cognomen Turpio.