The following counties border on or have land within the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

An editorial in The Washington Post on April 6, 2024, discusses the challenges faced by clean energy projects caused by environmental activists in lawsuits.

It is facing a temporary halt due to a lawsuit by environmental groups condemning its impact on the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge.

The editorial argues this is just one example of the conflicts between environmental protection and the need for new infrastructure to support the clean energy transition.

[6] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.