Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Valley Township, although the census-designated place of Lucasville is located in the center of the township.

Statewide, the only other Valley Township is located in Guernsey County.

[4] The township was named for the valley of the Scioto River.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.