The district covered the area of modern Vilnius County of Lithuania.

The Russian rule on Vilnius land came to an end ephemerally in 1915 when Imperial Germany established the Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, also known as Ober-Ost, followed by the Kingdom of Lithuania.

After the Polish occupation, the Soviet authorities formally abolished it in 1924.

The subcounties (volosts) of the Vilna uezd in 1912 were as follows:[1] At the time of the Russian Empire Census on 28 January [O.S.

The majority of the population indicated White Russian to be their mother tongue, which followed by Jewish, Lithuanian, and Polish speakers.