Water oxidation catalysis

Attack of water on metal oxo centers represents one pathway for the formation of the O-O bond, leading to dioxygen.

Alternatively, the crucial O-O bond forming step can arise by coupling suitably positioned pairs of metal hydroxo centers.

[12] The number and stereochemistry of reactive coordination sites on Fe have been evaluated but few guidelines have emerged.

Replacing ppy with Cp* (C5Me5) results in increased catalytic activity but decreased the turnover number.

[15] Iridium oxide is a stable bulk WOC catalyst with low overpotential.

[16] Ni-based oxide film liberates oxygen in quasi-neutral conditions at an overpotential of ~425 mV and shows long lasting stability.

[22] Stable and highly active WOCs can be prepared by adsorbing CoII on silica nanoparticles.

When nanodimensional spinels are coated over the carbon materials hydrothermally, followed by a further reduction, can exhibit high efficiency in splitting the water electrochemically.