This was followed by a period of both explosive and effusive eruption activity, building up the Stark and Barren group of islands that exist today.

A small (VEI 2) eruption took place in 1824 on Saddle Island, with low level explosive activity.

Water entering the vent had created Surtseyan activity resulting in the release of steam and an ash plume.

Scientists estimated that the eruption was taking place less than 100 m below the surface, meaning that a new surtseyan phase was a possibility.

[5] The activity at the site continued into October, with a large steam plume visible on satellite and confirmed by video from locals.