The target of the most allergenic antibodies is ω-5 gliadin,[8] which is encoded by the Gli-1B gene found on the B haplome (Aegilops speltoides derived) of wheat.
Gliadin peptides which are synthesized as the deamidated form have much higher sensitivity and specificity, creating 2 serological tests for CD that approach biopsy diagnostic in performance.
After developing an immune response, B-cells from mice can be fused with immortalizing cells to form a hybridoma that produces monoclonal antibodies (Mab or MoAb).
Mab can be expressed in culture or via ascites fluid production to produce large amounts of a single antibody isoform.
Some of these antibodies can recognize only wheat prolamins or very closely related grass seeds; others can detect antigens over broad taxa.
This assay can recognize wheat, barley and rye, which makes it ideal for evaluating the presence of contaminants in gluten-free foods that do not contain oat.