Anti-transglutaminase antibodies

Autoantibodies can sometimes errantly be directed against healthy portions of the organism, causing autoimmune diseases.

[6] The antiendomysial antibody test is a histological assay for patient serum binding to esophageal tissue from primate.

They do not cause any direct symptoms to muscles, but detection of EmA is useful in the diagnosis of the disease.

A recent study of children published in 2007 demonstrated that the level of ATA in correlates with the scalar Marsh score for the disease in the same patient.

[11] Childhood (male) type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases the risk for CD and vice versa[12] and the early signs of celiac disease may precede T1D in many cases.

[13] A search for CD in juvenile diabetes patients revealed that a gluten-free diet resulted in some improvements.

T-cells are stimulated by antigen, presented by MHC molecules (HLA in humans) on antigen-reactive B-cells.

A recent study has shown that ATA also modify and increase replication in intestinal epithelial Cells, by apparently interacting with cell-surface transglutaminase.