Graves for cremated remains and a Frankish row graveyard from about AD 500 have been found in the municipality.

Like the surrounding municipalities, Bornheim belonged to the Waldgraves in the Early Middle Ages, and beginning in 1671 to their kin, the Rheingrafen ("Rhine Counts").

After the Napoleonic Wars, the municipality passed, as part of Rhenish Hesse, to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt.

After the First World War, French troops built a munitions depot right next to the railway line.

The municipality’s favourable location for transport, having its own interchange on the A 61, and the affordable property prices have led to quick growth over the last few years, such that there are now 825 inhabitants (as at 31 December 2006).