[1] The rapid ionic conductivity arise especially in the range of these temperatures due to the high activity of protons.

[2] Based on the results of X-ray crystallography, the structure consists of tetrahedral sulfate centers that bridge caesium ions.

In the superprotonic phase, the movement of an SO4 tetrahedron generates a disruption of the hydrogen bond network, which accelerates proton transfer.

Electromotive force (EMF) measurements in a humidified oxygen concentration cell verified the high ionic nature of CsHSO4 in its superprotonic phase.

Additionally, the crystal structure of CsHSO4 allows for quick transport of smaller charged ions, resulting in efficient energy transfer in electrochemical devices.