Central and Northern Ostrobothnian dialects

In some occasions, a /ʋ/, /j/ or /h/ may be inserted in its place, such as syvän, meijät and saaha (as opposed to standard sydän, meidät, saada).

These diphthongs are pronounced as ua, yä and iä (e.g. nuari tyämiäs instead of nuori työmies, "young workman") in the city of Oulu and its surroundings all the way to Muhos, Kiiminki and Haukipudas.

[3] An epenthetic vowel, usually called välivokaali or loisvokaali in Finnish, is present in all central and northern Ostrobothnian dialects, e.g. kylmä (cold) and lehmä (cow) are pronounced as kylymä, lehemä.

In Lohtaja, Himanka, Kannus and Toholampi it appears as lampahat, tupahan (standard lampaat, tupaan).

While in standard Finnish the inessive suffix is -ssa or -ssä depending on vowel harmony, a large part of the central and northern Ostrobothnian dialects use a shorter form -sa, -sä e.g. maasa, kyläsä instead of maassa, kylässä (in a/the land/ground, in a/the village).

In central and northern Ostrobothnia, these are pronounced as -ia and -iä instead, e.g. korkia and pimiä instead of korkea and pimeä (respectively "high" and "dark").