Furthermore, some very common and "accentless" sound changes are not reflected in the standard language, particularly fusion, liaison and some diphthong reductions.
The problem of avoiding "irregularity" is most evident in spelling, where internal sandhi is not transcribed, because there is the idea that morphemes should be immutable.
In some variants (e.g. Vaasa, Kymenlaakso) of spoken Finnish -n kanssa ("with [something]") is abbreviated into a clitic that is effectively a comitative case, e.g. -nkans or -nkaa.
One important sound change, which has gone to completion in Estonian but occurs idiosyncratically in Finnish, is mutation of word-final /n/ into a glottal stop /ʔ/, orthographically represented by an apostrophe.
In some dialects, such as Savo, word-final /n/ is systematically replaced by /ʔ/, e.g. isä'iän ← isän ääni "father's voice".
Certain wordforms that end in /si/ in Standard Finnish occur without the word-final /i/ in the spoken language.
In nouns this affects the translative case ending -ksi and the 2nd person singular possessive suffix -si.
Particularly in Helsinki, deletion of /æ/ or /ɑ/, spelt «ä» and «a», respectively, in highly frequent words is common.
For example, Some dialects have the full-length personal pronouns minä and sinä, but most people use shorter forms, like these found in the Helsinki metropolitan area region: Note: these do differ depending on where the speaker is from.
has these forms: Similarly, non-personal demonstrative pronouns are often used in place of hän or he, meaning people may be referred to as 'that' and 'those'.
Kolme, neljä and seittemän can be abbreviated to kol-, nel- and seit- with -kytä, but not independently, as in kolkytäkolme "33" or seitkytäneljä "74".
When counting out loud, even shorter forms are used, mostly one-syllable words with long vowels: -toista becomes -toi, -too or even -to.
This may be problematic for a foreigner to understand, if they have learnt words by book: The -kko suffix normally denotes a group of x people, but on 8 and 9, it doubles as a synonym for the numeral's name.
For example, bus 107 is called sataseiska, and a competition winner is an ykkönen (not *sataseittemän or *yks.)
Personal pronouns mä and sä are used extensively in colloquial Finnish in place of minä and sinä ('I' and singular 'you').
Thus for example: Another is that the third person plural suffix -vat or -vät is not used in the spoken language; instead, the third person singular form is used with plural meaning being conveyed by the pronoun ne (they) Therefore, the full present-tense paradigm of puhua "to speak" in everyday speech is: Some e-stem verbs have abbreviated (irregular) oblique forms, where /n/ or /l/ is elided.
is often dropped when no consonant follows, or replaced by gemination of the following consonant: but: is actually pronounced as if it were: In the formal language some pronouns are considered optional, but in spoken language the pronoun is usually enunciated but may be optional when answering questions (which puts the person in the proper context).
Table 2 shows in highlights the areas where there are differences in the structures between formal and informal.
In everyday speech, the -ko/kö suffix has the -s clitic added, becoming -kos/kös, which in turn reduces to -ks: The choice of morphemes -kos/kös or -ks is not always purely dialectal or accidental.
However, the suffixes -s, -nsa and -nne are used to avoid repeating a pronoun, e.g. "He took his hat and left" is Se otti lakkinsa ja lähti.
For example: This omission of the negative verb ei is considered one of the most recent changes in Finnish.
However, it can be a neutral negative statement: Tästä artikkelista mitään opi (From this article, you don't learn anything).
People who have moved to the city have adopted a variety resembling standard Finnish, which has been imposed upon dialect speakers by the school, the military and the employers.
For example, juhla → juhula "celebration", salmi → salami "strait", palvelu → palavelu "service", halpa → halapa "cheap", äffä → ähävä (via ähvä) "letter F".
The following features are all found in Finnish spoken in Helsinki, and many of them occur also in some other Tavastian dialects.