A written record of the place survives from 23 April 1123, in which the (by origin Senese) Pope Alexander III identifies it as Sufficille.

The Medici family purchased the lands of Siena from the Emperor for two million ducats in 1557: this was followed by the abolition of democratic institutions and a return to feudalism.

Sovicille became a fief of the Medici and was transformed into an imposing fortress, defending an access point to their newly expanded territories.

After the death of the last of the Medici rulers, power transferred to the Dukes of Lorraine, who remained in control till the end of the 18th century when the entire region was invaded by the French armies of Napoleon Bonaparte.

[1] Other notable villages include Ampugnano, Arnano, Barontoli, Brucciano, Caggio di Mezzo, Caldana, Carpineto, Castello, Celsa, Cerreto Selva, Costa, Cuove, Malignano, Palazzaccio, Palazzavelli, Pian dei Mori, Piscialembita, Poggio, Poggio Salvi, Ponte allo Spino, Recenza, San Giusto a Balli, San Salvatore a Pilli, Segalaie, Simignano, Stigliano, Solatio di Sotto, Toiano, Tonni, Valacchio and Valli.