Chinese punctuation

Unlike modern punctuation, judou marks were added by scholars for pedagogical purposes and were not viewed as integral to the text.

[A] The first book to be printed with modern punctuation was Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy (中國哲學史大綱) by Hu Shih, published in 1919.

[2] Many ancient Chinese books contain thousands of words with no spaces between them; however, when necessary to explicitly denote a pause or break, judou marks such as "。" and "、" were used.

[citation needed] Qu Yuan's Li Sao used the character 兮 and grammatical particles to denote stops, similar to judou marks.

Because of this, East Asian punctuation marks are larger than their European counterparts, as they should occupy a square area that is the same size as the characters around them.

Examples of handwritten punctuation (circles in red ink) at the bottom-right or -center of characters. From the *Yongle Encyclopedia* .

1912 textbook of the Republic of China 's Commercial Press depicting the sinking of the *Titanic* , with punctuation marks to the right of characters

A sign in a Zhuhai park, which, if we reproduce enumeration commas in English, can be rendered nearly word-for-word as: "It is strictly forbidden to pick flowers 、 fruit 、 leaves, [or to] dig out roots 、 medicinal plants!"

Example of Chinese products using asterisks as punctuation for product dimensions.