During this time, the Circassians in Kosovo were from three of the twelve Adyghe tribes: the Abzakh, Shapsug and Ubykh.

[7] The Ottoman Empire aimed to make life easier for the newly arrived Circassians, and did not tax them and they were provided with materials to farm with.

[18] Immigrants unanimously recount peaceful coexistence with Serbs, contrasting with Albanian hostility towards Circassians.

[19] Circassian children faced frequent bullying by Albanians at school, while adults endured robberies, arson, and sniper attacks in the fields.

[19] Kosovo Circassians sought lawfulness within Yugoslavia, resisting Albanian pressure for insubordination.

[19] Tensions escalated in Stanoc i Epërm, leading to segregated communities and forced "parallel education" for Circassian children.