Concentration camp

[19] As part of a series of reforms during the Khrushchev Thaw, the Gulag shrank to a quarter of its former size and receded in its significance in Soviet society.

[21] Many camps were closed following releases of prisoners at the end of the year, and the camp population would continue to dwindle through 1936; this trend would reverse in 1937, with the Nazi regime arresting tens of thousands of "anti-socials", a category that included Romani people as well as the homeless, mentally ill, and social non-conformists.

Following the Nazi invasion of Poland and the beginning of World War II, the camps were massively expanded and became increasingly deadly.

The total number of casualties in these camps is difficult to determine, but the deliberate policy of extermination through labor in many of the camps was designed to ensure that the inmates would die of starvation, untreated disease and summary executions within set periods of time.

[29] Also during World War II, concentration camps were established by Italian, Japanese, US, and Canadian forces.

[32] According to the United States Department of Defense as many as 3 million Uyghurs and members of other Muslim minority groups are being held in China's internment camps which are located in the Xinjiang region and which American news reports often label as concentration camps.

[33][34] The camps were established in the late 2010s under Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping's administration.