Constructed writing system

Such is the case with John Dee and Edward Kelley's Enochian language and alphabet, the various scripts (including Celestial, Malachim, Theban, and Transitus Fluvii) documented by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and his teacher Johannes Trithemius, and possibly the litterae ignotae devised by Hildegard of Bingen to write her Lingua Ignota.

One of the most prominent of these is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), used by linguists to describe the sounds of human language in exhaustive detail.

Other scripts, such as John Malone's Unifon,[10] Sir James Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet,[11] and Alexander Melville Bell's Visible Speech[12] were invented for pedagogical purposes.

In the mid-1800s, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints promoted the Deseret alphabet as an alternative writing system better suited to English phonology;[14]: 65–66  roughly a century later, the estate of Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw commissioned the Shavian alphabet (later developed into Quikscript) to serve similar aims.

Charles K. Bliss's Blissymbols represent a proposed international auxiliary language whose primary mode is written rather than spoken.

Ong Kommandam's Khom Script, in addition to serving a religious role, was used to conceal military communications during the Holy Man's Rebellion.

[19] Braille[20]: 161–162  and most other tactile alphabets were invented to serve the needs of the visually impaired, or, in the case of Lewis Carroll's Nyctography, of sighted people without access to light.