[citation needed] Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow.
[citation needed] Other diagnostic approaches for CLI under development or that have recently been introduced include different angiographic and imaging techniques, as well as the use of biosensors.
[4] 2D perfusion imaging is a software analysis package that can be incorporated into a standard angiogram, that allows measurement of parameters of contrast delivery to a region of interest in the foot.
A 2016 study determined that it “is a valuable tool in visualizing real-time procedural outcomes and providing additionally useful information on regional tissue perfusion.” [6] Biosensors measuring oxygen levels subcutaneously in the feet of CLI patients have been developed.
[8] Treatment mirrors that of other symptoms of peripheral artery disease, and includes modifying risk factors, revascularization via vascular bypass or angioplasty, and in the case of tissue loss, wound debridement.