Doughnut (economic model)

[3] The framework was proposed to regard the performance of an economy by the extent to which the needs of people are met without overshooting Earth's ecological ceiling.

Adding measures such as jobs, education, food, access to water, health services and energy helps to accommodate an environmentally safe space compatible with poverty eradication and "rights for all".

[9] These are: The nine ecological ceilings are from the planetary boundaries put forward by a group of Earth-system scientists led by Johan Rockström and Will Steffen.

The origins of these assumptions are philosophical and pragmatic, simplifying and distorting the reflections of thinkers such as Adam Smith into Newtonian-resembling curves on a graph so that they could be of presumed practical use in predicting, for example, consumer choice.

[13] Kate Raworth explains the doughnut economy is based on the premise that "Humanity's 21st century challenge is to meet the needs of all within the means of the planet.

"[14] Raworth states that "significant GDP growth is very much needed" for low- and middle-income countries to be able to meet the goals of the social foundation for their citizens.

The Doughnut framework has been used to map localized socio-environmental performance in Erhai lake-catchment (China),[20] Scotland,[21] Wales,[22] the UK,[23] South Africa,[24] Netherlands,[25] India,[26] globally[27] and many more.

[30] Branko Milanovic, at CUNY's Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality, said that for the doughnut theory to become popular, people would have to "magically" become "indifferent to how well we do compared to others, and not really care about wealth and income.