The Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano) fielded a team of 38 athletes, 23 men and 15 women, to compete in 13 sports at the Games.

The Ecuadorian team featured 20 returning Olympians, with two of them attending their fourth consecutive Games: distance runner Byron Piedra (men's marathon) and weightlifter Alexandra Escobar (women's 58 kg).

Race walkers Andrés Chocho and Rolando Saquipay were among the Ecuadorians headed to their third Olympic Games, while sixteen others previously competed in London, including Argentina-born sprint kayaker César de Cesare, triathlete Elizabeth Bravo, professional boxers Julio Castillo, Marlo Delgado, and Carlos Quipo, and freestyle wrestler Lissette Antes.

[7] Meanwhile, London 2012 Olympians Carlos Quipo (light flyweight), Marlo Delgado (middleweight), and Julio Castillo (heavyweight) secured additional places on the Ecuadorian roster at the 2016 APB and WSB Olympic Qualifier in Vargas, Venezuela.

[20] Ecuadorian weightlifters have qualified two women's quota places for the Rio Olympics based on their combined team standing by points at the 2014 and 2015 IWF World Championships.