Egyptian chronology

Scholarly consensus on the general outline of the conventional chronology current in Egyptology has not fluctuated much over the last 100 years.

[2] The disparities between the two sets of dates result from additional discoveries and refined understanding of the still very incomplete source evidence.

[3] The situation is further complicated by occasional conflicting information on the same regnal period from different versions of the same text; thus, the Egyptian historian Manetho's history of Egypt is only known by epitomes and references to it made by subsequent writers, such as Eusebius and Sextus Julius Africanus, and the length of reign for the same pharaoh often varies substantially depending on the intermediate source.

[5] In the early days of Egyptology, the compilation of regnal periods was also hampered by a profound biblical bias on the part of Egyptologists.

This was most pervasive before the mid 19th century, when Manetho's figures were recognized as conflicting with biblical chronology, based on Old Testament references to Egypt (see Pharaohs in the Bible).