Finland competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events).

64 competitors, 63 men and 1 woman, took part in 62 events in 14 sports.

In the team event, the Finnish pentathletes won bronze.

Finland had five male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1956.

Pentti Linnosvuo won gold in the 50 m pistol and Vilho Ylönen won bronze in the 300 m rifle, three positions.