Poland competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.

64 competitors, 49 men and 15 women, took part in 48 events in 9 sports.

[1] Six fencers, all men, represented Poland in 1956.

Poland had eight male rowers participate in three out of seven rowing events in 1956.

[2] Two shooters represented Poland in 1956, with Adam Smelczyński winning a silver medal in the trap event.