France competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events).

137 competitors, 119 men and 18 women, took part in 95 events in 15 sports.

[1] Men's 110m Hurdles Men's Marathon Women's 10m Platform 18 fencers, 15 men and 3 women, represented France in 1956.

One male pentathlete represented France in 1956.

France had 13 male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1956.