Sweden competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, with the exception of the equestrian events, which could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations.

Instead, those events were held five months earlier in Stockholm, Sweden.

Swedish athletes won a total of 19 medals at the games, including 3 golds in the equestrian events held in their own country.

Lars Hall won gold in the individual event.

Sweden had nine male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1956.