[2] Lower leaves are typically broad, oval to elliptic shape (10-15 x 8–14 mm), obtuse to truncate, acute, tapering at the base, and often noticeably net-veined underneath.
[7] A study conducted by Yanbei Tu in 2019,[6] in which they examined the anti-arthritic impact of ethanol extract from Glycine tabacina on a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.
[6] Through X – ray and histopathological analyses, it was highlighted that Glycine tabacina extract actively shielded the cartilage and bone joints against deterioration, lesion, and distortion.
[6][7] In this study, to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of ethanol extracted from G.tabacina (GTE), collagen-induced rats were used as a pathologic model.
[6] In the present day, it has been observed that numerous herds and natural extracts have the potential to have anti-arthritic having negligible toxicities as well as side effects.
[6] The cytokine: TNF-α plays a major role in regulating rheumatoid arthritis activity and worsens the inflammation via the production of ROS when oxidative stress is heightened.
[6] This study observed that under arthritic conditions the T-SOD activity in the experimental subject's serum was decreased, however, this increased significantly with G.tabacina (GTE) treatment.
[8] The results of this study suggest that G.tabacina (GTE) has the possibility of retaining anti-arthritic properties through the alleviation of oxidative stress in the subjects.
Even though, the chemical properties of G.tabacina (GTE) is still not fully known,[2] this study observed through HPLC analysis that this species of plant had an abundance of numerous conventional isoflavonoids (i.e., genistin, daidzein, genistein, pratensein, etc.)
[2] Another study conducted by Lihua Tan, published in 2020,[8] investigated the medicinal mechanisms and actions of aqueous extract in Glycine tabacina when treating nephrotic syndrome in mice models.
Glycine tabacina extract administration (GATE) significantly reduced protein levels in urine and hyperlipoproteinemia symptoms, in nephrotic syndrome mouse, as demonstrated by lower urinary protein and albumin excretion, and reduced plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
This study is the first to show that conditions such as heavy proteinuria, deteriorating renal function and, hyperlipidaemia could be substantially improved after Glycine tabacina extract administration (GATE) which has opened potential pathways for the prevention and treatment of other kidney diseases and Nephrotic Syndromes (NS).
Reduced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in nephrotic syndrome mouse indicated that Glycine tabacina aqueous extract may prevent the kidneys from consequences of adverse drug reaction.
[8] Adverse drug reaction - induced pathological defects in renal tissues were prevented by Glycine tabacina aqueous extract therapy.
[8] The results observed from network pharmacology discovered that multiple pathways and targets were involved in the modification of GATE on Nephrotic Syndromes (NS).
[8] The expected pathways and targets of GATE involved in Nephrotic Syndromes were tightly related with inflammation and oxidative stress.
[2][8] In the ADR injected mice, the SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity was reduced in renal tissues and plasma and was identified to be under Nephrotic Syndromes condition, which was observed to be repaired by the GATE treatment.