Green photocatalyst

[1][2] They are synthesized from natural, renewable, and biological resources, such as plant extracts, biomass, or microorganisms, minimizing the use of toxic chemicals and reducing the environmental impact associated with conventional photocatalyst production.

[7] They are promising candidates for a wide range of applications, including the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, the reduction of harmful gases, and the production of hydrogen or solar fuels.

[10] Extracts from various plant parts, such as leaves, roots, and fruits, contain phyto-chemicals that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents in nanoparticle synthesis,[10][11] contributing to the formation of desired photocatalyst morphologies.

[28][29] Notes/Explanations: Seaweed is a highly promising green source for photocatalyst synthesis due to its rapid growth rates and minimal environmental requirements.

[83] Green photocatalyst synthesized from plant extracts or agricultural waste have shown promising results in degrading various dye molecules, including methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange.

The large surface area and functional groups present on green photocatalyst, particularly those derived from carbon-based sources like bio-waste, can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions from the water.

[98] Furthermore, photogenerated electrons[99] from the green photocatalyst can reduce heavy metal ions to their less toxic elemental forms, which can then be more easily removed from the wastewater.

ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts have demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

[102] TiO2-based photocatalyst, particularly those doped with silver or copper, exhibit enhanced antibacterial properties under visible light irradiation, making them suitable for disinfection applications.

Eco-toxicity tests expose organisms such as algae, daphnia, or fish to varying concentrations of the photocatalyst to evaluate their effects on growth, reproduction, or mortality.

Trend of Scopus-indexed publications on green photocatalysts, including bio-waste, macroalgae, and plant-based materials, from 2000 to 2024
VOSviewer analysis (© 2024 Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University) of 5,375 Scopus documents (1999–2026) retrieved using the search query "TITLE-ABS-KEY(green AND photocatalyst) AND PUBYEAR > 1999 AND PUBYEAR < 2026" reveals key trends in green photocatalyst research, including a focus on environmentally friendly synthesis methods and applications in environmental remediation and energy production
Different synthesis approaches available for the preparation of metal nanoparticles for various application including as Green Photocatalyst
Phenolic compounds role in the M. oleifera NPs synthesis
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by chemical and green methods using beetroot, cedar, and pomegranate extracts at different resolutions
SEM images of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by chemical and green methods using beetroot, cedar, and pomegranate extracts at different resolutions
Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using extracts from three marine macroalgae : (A) Ulva lactuca , (B) Ulva intestinalis , and (C) Sargassum muticum
Schematic representation of the preparation of Lemon Peel, LP-ZnO NPs by hydrothermal method
The schematic representation of the sol-gel synthesis of ZnO NPs using different types of chitosan sources and their application in antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation of MB dye
Photocatalytic degradation mechanism of Safranin O dye pollutant using Centaurea behen leaf-AgNP composites under sunlight irradiation
Green synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and sugarcane bagasse biochar for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin
Magnetic separation of green synthesized of magnetic nanocomposites using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and sugarcane bagasse biochar for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin
Antibacterial mechanism of Cb-AgNPs: disruption of cell membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and damage to cellular components
Antibacterial activity of Ligustrum vulgare berry extracts derived silver nanoparticles (LV-AgNPs) against P. aeruginosa and E. coli at various concentrations
Cytotoxic effect of shilajit-derived ZnO nanoparticles on HeLa cancer cells compared to cisplatin and normal Vero cells