Team handball at the 1976 Summer Olympics featured competition for men and women.

[1] Each qualified country was allowed to enter one team of 14 players and they all were eligible for participation.

Five nations competed in both tournaments.

Only four male reserve players did not participate (one from Denmark, two from Hungary, and one from Czechoslovakia).

A total of 230(*) handball players (148 men and 82 women) from 12 nations (men from 11 nations – women from 6 nations) competed at the Montreal Games: (*) NOTE: There are only players counted, which participated in one game at least.