Valyrian languages
For the forthcoming novel The Winds of Winter, Peterson has supplied Martin with additional Valyrian translations.
[3] Peterson commented that he considered Martin's choice of dracarys unfortunate because of its (presumably intended) similarity to the Latin word for dragon, draco.
Because the Latin language does not exist in the fictional world of A Song of Ice and Fire, Peterson chose to treat the similarity as coincidental and made dracarys an independent lexeme;[4] his High Valyrian term for dragon is zaldrīzes.
[3] Another word, trēsy, meaning "son", was coined in honour of Peterson's 3000th Twitter follower.
"In the world of A Song of Ice and Fire, High Valyrian occupies a cultural niche similar to that of Classical Latin in medieval Europe.
Accordingly, when High Valyrian is used non-natively as prestige language, they are pronounced as unrounded front vowels /iː, i/.
While Daenerys Targaryen's first name may generally be pronounced [də.ˈnɛː.ɹɪs] by characters in Game of Thrones, in High Valyrian it would have been closer to [ˈdae.ne.ɾys], with a diphthong in the first syllable and a rounded vowel in the last.
[21] According to Peterson, "what defines declension classes in High Valyrian" can be divined by paying "close attention to the singular and plural numbers" and noting "where cases are conflated and where they aren't".
[22] Verbs conjugate for seven tenses (present, aorist, future, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect and past habitual), two voices (active and passive) and three moods (indicative, subjunctive and imperative).
[25] On October 31, 2016, a course in High Valyrian for English speakers began to be constructed in the Duolingo Language Incubator.
[citation needed] In the world of the novel and TV series, the Nine Free Cities of Essos speak locally evolved variants of Valyrian known as Bastard Valyrian, described by the character Tyrion in A Dance with Dragons as "not so much a dialect as nine dialects on the way to becoming separate tongues".
[30] Peterson noted that with regard to the vocabulary of the derived languages, "If it’s got a 'j' in an odd place, it’s probably Ghiscari in origin.
"[31] Si kizy vasko v’uvar ez zya gundja yn hilas.
Peterson created the Astapori dialogue by first writing the text in High Valyrian, then applying a series of regular grammar and sound changes to simulate the changes in natural languages over a long period of time.
Egyptians had an alphabet, of sorts, a couple of phonetically based systems, and a logography all layered on top of one another.
The language has more prominence in the prequel House of the Dragon, mainly between the lead character Rhaenyra Targaryen (played by Milly Alcock as teenager and Emma D'Arcy as adult) and her uncle Daemon Targaryen (played by Matt Smith).
"[45] Their co-star Matt Smith, who played Daemon, initially found it daunting, saying, "I had pages of it.
