Homosphere

[citation needed] One large-scale exception to effective mixing is the ozone layer, centered at about 20 - 30 km (12.5 - 19 mi) in altitude, where the concentration of O3 is much higher than in the rest of the atmosphere.

With a half-life of about a day at room temperature, ozone breaks down before it can mix completely with the lower levels of the atmosphere.

The ozone hole is a relatively stable structure caused by a combination of pollution and antarctic wind patterns in the stratosphere.

The heat gained and lost by water through these processes increases turbulence in the lower atmosphere, especially at mesoscale and microscale.

Oxygen is emitted and carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and microorganisms performing photosynthesis, but CO2 levels are most strongly affected by wild fires and human activity.

A graph showing the seven largest component gases of the Earth's atmosphere. Relative concentrations maintain the same ratios from 0 to around 90 km (56 mi), represented by relatively horizontal lines. The crossing curves of the rightmost nine-tenths of the graph show how these ratios vary considerably at higher altitudes.